General: pakapaka (Version 1)
パカパカ
Originally used in Showa era cartoons, similar analogues have appeared all over the world.
Pakapaka is an animation technique characterized by images that change rapidly at a constant pace to convey terror or power - whether in flashing solid colors or alternating backgrounds. Originally a technique used to reduce visual cost, it was refined in the 1980s to enhance emotional and visual impact. Anpanman is a familiar example: when he punched something, the screen used to flash.
Post-Showa examples are rare, as it was later discovered that pakapaka had adverse effects on people with photosensitivity; one episode of Pokémon received international media coverage due to the extensive use of pakapaka causing seizures to viewers in an incident that became known as the Pokémon Shock.
Subsequent broadcast regulations have all but eliminated pakapaka today, with adjacent effects subject to the notorious "dimming" that prevails in anime broadcasts. Similarly, international companies are reluctant to use strobe effects in the media due to the damage caused by the Pokémon shock incident.
This tag serves as a double warning in case of epilepsy. If you are sensitive to flashing images, we recommend that you do not watch clips featuring the pakapaka tag.
Pakapaka Wikipedia article (Japanese)
Takeshi Shudo's anecdote (Japanese)
Originally used in Showa era cartoons, similar analogues have appeared all over the world.
Pakapaka is an animation technique characterized by images that change rapidly at a constant pace to convey terror or power - whether in flashing solid colors or alternating backgrounds. Originally a technique used to reduce visual cost, it was refined in the 1980s to enhance emotional and visual impact. Anpanman is a familiar example: when he punched something, the screen used to flash.
Post-Showa examples are rare, as it was later discovered that pakapaka had adverse effects on people with photosensitivity; one episode of Pokémon received international media coverage due to the extensive use of pakapaka causing seizures to viewers in an incident that became known as the Pokémon Shock.
Subsequent broadcast regulations have all but eliminated pakapaka today, with adjacent effects subject to the notorious "dimming" that prevails in anime broadcasts. Similarly, international companies are reluctant to use strobe effects in the media due to the damage caused by the Pokémon shock incident.
This tag serves as a double warning in case of epilepsy. If you are sensitive to flashing images, we recommend that you do not watch clips featuring the pakapaka tag.
Pakapaka Wikipedia article (Japanese)
Takeshi Shudo's anecdote (Japanese)
Updated by MalorMEL 3 months ago